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 dip moulding
Technical
Summary
  The tool is usually made by forming an aluminium rod into the desired inner shape of the product. When the tool is warmed up, it's dipped in a bath containing the liquid material. As soon as the material, that sticks to the tool, has reached it's desired thickness, the tool is cooled down and the (seamless) hardened product can be stripped of.
Materials   PVC (vinyl), neoprene, natuur rubber latex (chloropreen).
Requirements   PVC products can vary in thickness between 0,5 and 8,0 mm. Neoprene and latex products have a minimum of 0,1 mm thickness. Besides, latex has a maximum of 2,0 mm. All gradiations between flexibel and semi-rigid can be realised. Resistancy to oil, ozone and extreme temperatures (fire-retardant) are easy to get with the mentioned materials.
Production   Because of the relatively simple production of the tool, prototypes can be made within 2 or 3 weeks. By doing so, the costs of both the productiontool and the prototypetool are very low, so production of small to medium quantities are already paying off. This production method is also suitable for medium large quantities, when quantities become too large or tolerances must be very precise we switch to injection moulding.
Result   Best known examples are bellows, caps, grips and hoses. But because of the favourable productionspeed and costs, it appears that continuously new applications of dip moulding are founded, for example balloons, protective shoes, instrumenthoses, medical applications, etc. 
Extra possibilities   When PVC is used as material, the product can be made in a great variaty of colours and styles, like mat, glossy or transparant. When using neoprene or natural rubber, the product can only be made of a limited spectrum of colours and will get a mat texture. Prints on the product are very well possible, also are after-treatments.
Examples Some product examples can be found here, here and here

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